In 1976 I passed some months in a shepherd’s family for ethnological studies about family structures in the countryside of South West Crete. Years later I returned to the island in search of the traces of matriarchy in ancient and modern Crete. The fascinating culture of Knossos 1500 BC was dominated by women, but recently excavated archaeological objects showed that in this ancient society the roles of women and men were merely equal. No traces of war in more than 1000 years. This model of a better world was destroyed by natural disasters and invasions of warriors.